مجله دانشکده علوم پزشکی نیشابور
پیاپی 24 (پاییز 1398)

IntroductionWorkplace violence leads to psychological and physical problems and reduces the satisfaction and performance of nurses. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence rate and source of workplace violence against nurses.Methods & MaterialsA cross-sectional study was conducted using 181 nurses at Neyshabur University of Medical Science’s teaching hospitals in Neyshabur, Iran, from April 2016 to June 2018. Participants were selected through stratified random sampling. Workplace violence in the health sector questionnaire was used for data collection. SPSS Statistics for Windows version 19 was used for data analysis.ResultsThe majority of participants (67.2%) were female and the mean age of the nurses was 28.8 years ± 5.3 SD. The incidence rate of physical, verbal, and sexual violence was 25.7%, 72.6%, and 1.2%, respectively. More than 66% of the nurses suggested that there is no procedures for reporting of violence in their workplace. Shortage of personnel and facilities and crowded wards was descript as most important causes of physical and non-physical violence against nurses. Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between wards and verbal violence, sex and physical violence, and number of shifts per week and physical and verbal violence.ConclusionThe verbal violence against nurses is very common and occurs more often by patients and their relatives and physicians. Hospital managers pay very little attention to this problem. Nurses usually do not report workplace violence against themselves and workplace violence against nurses is becoming a typical phenomenon in hospitals.

IntroductionEscherichia coli is an important bacterial pathogen transmitted through contaminated water and food. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical characteristics of nanoliposome essential oil (EO) and its antibacterial effect on E. coli.Materials and MethodsNanoliposomes were prepared by thin-film hydration and sonication. Particle size, polydispersity index, and encapsulation efficiency were assessed. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of free EO and nanoliposome barije EO were determined by broth macrodilution against E. coli. Also, effect of different concentrations of the MIC of EO was evaluated before and after encapsulation against the growth of bacteria over 24 h.ResultsThe average particle sizes of the empty and EO loaded nanoliposome were 138.76 and 81.47 nm, respectively. Also, EO loaded nanoliposome had lower polydispersity. Moreover, the encapsulation efficiency of nanoliposomes was determined about 73.26%. MIC and MBC levels for EO loaded nanoliposomes decreased in comparison with free EO. Using 75% MIC of free EO in comparison with control, the bacterial count decreased by 3.528 and 1.12 log (CFU/mL) after 12 and 24 h, respectively. This reduction in the EO loaded nanoliposomes was 3.40 and 2.33 (CFU/mL) log (p <0.05).ConclusionNanoliposomes encapsulated barije EO were prepared successfully using the thin-film hydration and sonication method and showed enhancing antimicrobial activity against E. coli O157:H7 in comparison with the non-encapsulated one.

IntroductionThe aim of the present study was to examine the effect of aerobic training along with resveratrol on cardiac expression of FOXO3a and MuRF1 in diabetic male rats.Materials and MethodsForty Wistar male rats were randomly classified into Control-Normal (CN), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Resveratrol-Diabetes Mellitus (RDM), Training-Diabetes Mellitus (TDM) and Training-Resveratrol-Diabetes Mellitus (TRDM) groups. Training groups have performed a running program on a motor-driven treadmill for eight weeks. Resveratrol (20 mg/kg) was injected into the RDM and TRDM groups. Forty-eight hours after the last training session, rats were sacrificed; hearts were excised and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 °C for measuring the indexes. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance, and significance was accepted at p ≤ 0.05.ResultsThe results of this study showed a reduction in the expression of FOXO3a (p=0.0001) and MuRF1 (p=0.0001) cardiomyocytes in  the TDM group compared to the DM group. The expression of FOXO3a (p=0.045) and MuRF1 (p=0.037) in the RDM group was significantly decreased in comparison to the DM group. Also, the expression of FOXO3a (p=0.026) and MuRF1 (p=0.007) cardiomyocytes in the TRDM groups also had a significant decrease compared to the DM group.ConclusionOur findings show that an aerobic training with and without resveratrol maybe inhibits atrophic biomarkers of cardiomyocytes in diabetic male rats.

The world's population is rapidly aging, and today, in many societies, aging is an issue of major importance. The aim of the study was to compare the attitudes of elderly / non-resident elderly people with age and quality of life.

This study was a descriptive cross-sectional comparative study., Data were collected by a population of 212 including 171 elderly people in the elderly and 41 elderly residents of the elderly community through a three-part questionnaire, which included demographic information, a researcher-made questionnaire on the attitude of the elderly and a standard of quality of life questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistics (independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test and one-way analysis of variance).

Of the 212 people surveyed, 51.2% of the elderly were male and the rest were women. 59.1% of the elderly were non-resident and the rest were women. The mean scores of attitudes of elderly and non-resident elderly people from 22 to 100 points were 54.19 ± 78.39 and 59.77 ± 94.63, respectively. The attitude score of the elderly group living in the elderly group was lower than the elderly, and in All aspects of the quality of life of elderly people were significantly higher than the elderly (p <0.01).

The result of this research suggests that factors such as the number of children, the condition of the home and the level of education affect the quality of life of the elderly.

IntroductionThe present study purposed to investigate the effect of combined exercise and cardiac rehabilitation in mononuclear cells on ABCG1 gene expression in middle-aged men after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.Materials and MethodsThe statistical population of this study was 30 middle-aged male patients who previously had coronary artery bypass surgery. The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups: control (C; n=15), combined training (endurance and resistance training, ERT; n=15). Blood draws occurred prior to and after training sessions. After isolating monoclonal cell lines using ficoll and purifying mRNA, gene expression changes were done using Real-Time PCR. Data were analyzed by repeated sampling (SPSS software version 16).ResultsEight weeks of combined exercise resulted in a significant increase in mRNA expression of the ABCG1 gene in ERT group compared to the C group.ConclusionCombined training as a part of the cardiac rehabilitation process in the patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery, by affecting the expression of the ABCG1 gene in the lipid metabolism, appears to augment the process of reverse cholesterol transfer.

Tooth decay is one of the most important problems societie. the activity of acid producing bacteria, especially Streptococcus mutans, is the main cause of this complication. The creation of the biofilms of the bacterium is subject to the presence of a specific enzyme called glucan sucrase or glucosyltransferase, coded by gtf gene. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genes of GtfB and GtfC of Streptococcus mutans in the formation of dental plaque biofilm.Material & Mthod: . In study, the biofilm was formed on a polystyrene surface using a microtiter plate and stained. In order to confirm Streptococcus mutans colonies, biochemical and fermentative tests were performed. DNA extraction from the kit of gram-positive bacteria (Cinna Pure DNA KIT-PR881614) was used to extract DNA. To evaluate the PCR product, the samples were transferred to 1% agarose gel  examined staining. optimum pH and the effect of different concentrations of sucrose on bacterial growth were measured at 630 nm using spectropHotometer.

The results showed that out of 46 samples, 19 isolates (41.30%) had gtfB gene and 8 (17.4%) had gtfC gene. The absorbance of the biofilm produced by the samples is different and the highest absorption is 1.43. In this study, the highest growth rate of Streptococcus mutans isolated from tooth plaque was obtained at a concentration of 0.5 g / L sucrose and pH = 4.5.

Therefore, sucrose sugar, which is commonly found in the diet, causes the growth of Streptococcus mutans

Considering the role of Chlorella vulgaris supplementation in increasing the performance and improving body inflammation status, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of HIIT program and Chlorella vulgaris supplementation on the IL-6 and insulin resistance in overweight men.

Thirty subjects in this study (22.8 ± 1.2 yrs.; 27.1 ± 9.66 BMI) were randomly assigned into three groups (10 N each group), Before and 48 hours after the end of 6 weeks of HIIT training, blood samples were taken from subjects and used for interleukin-6, insulin, and glucose serum levels measurements. The participants' training program included 6 weeks of intensive HIIT program with 90% Vo2max intensity. Subjects of the supplement group received Chlorella vulgaris supplementation (300 mg) for six weeks. The data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA and significance level (p <0.05) was used for all data analyses.

The results showed that Chlorella vulgaris supplemented with HIIT exercises significantly decreased IL-6 compared to other groups (P=0.041). Insulin resistance index showed significant changes compared with the three groups (P=0.011). Body composition results showed a decrease in body fat (P=0.009) and an increase in aerobic fitness (P=0.016) of subjects in the supplement + HIIT group compared to the other groups.

Chlorella vulgaris consumption with six weeks of HIIT program reduced IL-6 and improve insulin resistance in overweight men.

Recently, metal nanoparticles, especially silver nanoparticles, are important in the medical and therapeutic applications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial, cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of synthesized and commercial silver nanoparticles.

In this experimental study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Asparagus khorasanesis extract. Its physical-chemical properties were investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy, TEM, SEM and FTIR. The antimicrobial activity of synthesized and commercial silver nanoparticles were evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration method (MIC). In addition, their cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) was performed using MTT and flow cytometric methods, respectively at concentrations of 125.3 to 100 μg/mL.

The synthesized silver nanoparticles showed an absorbance peak of 420 nm in UV-vis. The results of SEM, TEM and FTIR showed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles had a spherical structure with a mean size of 12.96 nm. The MIC results showed that synthesized silver nanoparticles had more significant antimicrobial effects in comparison of commercial silver nanoparticles. Moreover, the MTT and flow cytometric results showed that synthesized silver nanoparticles in 50 and 100 μg /ml concentration exhibited more cytotoxic and apoptotic properties than commercial silver nanoparticles.

The results of this study showed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles have significantly biological effects more than commercial silver nanoparticles, and therefore these nanoparticles can be considered as drug candidates.

Prenatal seizures cause serious damage in fetal nervous system leading to cognitive and behavioral deficits in newborns. This study examined the effect of trans-Cinnamic acid on cognitive impairment and hippocampal cell damage in rat model of Penthylentetrazole (PTZ)- induced prenatal seizure.

30 Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided in 5 groups: control, PTZ+NS, PTZ+SIN25, PTZ+SIN50 and PTZ+SIN100. Rats were treated by repeated injections of PTZ (40 mg/kg; i.p) on embryonic day (ED) 13 for 7 consecutive days. 2 hours before PTZ injection, pregnant rats were gavaged with normal saline (PTZ+NS) or Cinnamic acid (PTZ+SIN groups with 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg doses). The working memory, avoidance learning and anxiety like behaviors were evaluated in one month old male offspring. Then, brains were histopathologically analyzed for hippocampal cell damages.

In comparison to controls, PTZ+NS group showed a significant decrease in alteration behavior (working memory), latency time to the dark room (avoidance memory) and increase level of anxiety with decrease of cell density in different areas of hippocampus (p˂ 0.05(. However, Cinnamic acid- treated groups showed a significant increase of working, avoidance memories and hippocampal cell density in comparison with PTZ+NS groups (p˂ 0.05(. 

The Cinnamic acid with reduction of hippocampal cell damage was ameliorating cognitive deficits in rat model of prenatal seizures.

Syd and Murf1 are important molecular markers for muscle atrophy that increase significantly in skeletal muscle in various conditions, such as diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on syd and murf1 genes expression in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats.

To the implementation of this experimental research, 60 male Wistar rats weighing 220 ± 20 gr randomly were divided into 5 groups including baseline control, eight-week control, diabetes, training, and diabetes-training. In this study, the rats were diabetic using given a single dose of 50 mg/ kg per body weight and peritoneal injection streptozotocin. High-intensity interval training performed on the treadmill with intensity of 80-85% VO2max, 5 days a week and for 8 weeks. The expression of syd and murf1 genes were measured by Real-Time PCR. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc test at the p<0.05.

The changes in the expression of Murf1 and Syd genes of the skeletal muscle in the diabetes group were significantly higher than the control group (P=0.001). The high-intensity interval training significantly reduced the expression of Murf1 and Syd genes (P=0.001).

HIIT may help reduce atrophy in diabetic patients by reducing the expression of syd and murf1 genes in skeletal muscle.

Exposure to nanoparticles toxicity leads to impairment of heart function and increases inflammatory cytokines. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticle toxicity on the inflammatory markers of heart tissue following an anaerobic training course in male wistar rats. Materials and MethodsIn this experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats aged 8 to 12 weeks and weighing 202±34.9 gr were randomly divided into 6 groups include of control, anaerobic training, anaerobic training - nano biological, anaerobic training - nanochemical, nano-biological and nanochemical. Chemical and biological silver was injected intraperitoneally after a period of anaerobic training. The specimens were discarded after 48 hours, and the heart tissue was removed. ResultsThe results showed that ICAM, hsCRP, IL-8 and IL-6 levels of male Wistar rats were different in groups (P=0.000). The hsCRP concentration of heart tissue was significantly lower in the Nanochemical - anaerobic and Nanobiological - anaerobic training group compared to Nanochemical and Nanobiological groups respectively (P=0.000). Also, IL-8 of heart tissue was significantly lower in the Nanochemical - anaerobic group compared to the Nanochemical group (P=0.000). ConclusionThe toxicity of silver nanoparticles was associated with an increase in inflammatory markers in the heart tissue. It seems regular anaerobic training may have a protective effect against the increase some of the inflammatory factors due to the toxicity of chemical and biological silver nanoparticles.

The heart muscle, as a continuous oxidative tissue, is one of the most susceptible tissues for oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species. SOD and CAT enzymes play an important role in reducing oxidative stress.The aim of this study is to determine the effect of 6-weeks duration force swimming on the levels of SOD and CAT cardiomyocyte in rats poisoned by hydrogen peroxide.

In this study included 32 Wistar male rats weighing 180±20g were randomly divided into four groups including: (1).control, (2).sham(saline), (3).hydrogen peroxide, (4).exercise & hydrogen peroxide. For induction of oxidative Stress,in the 3rd & 4th group 1mmol/kg H2O2 was injected to the rats intraperitoneally during 3 weeks every others days. In the exercise group, force swimming was conducted for 6-weeks, 60 minutes a day, 5-days a week. The activity of enzymes was measured by ELISA technic. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significance.P<0.01

The results showed that induction of H2O2 caused a significant decrease in the activity of SOD & CAT, but resulted in a significant increase in activity of SOD enzyme in the heart tissue after six weeks of force swimming(P<0.01). The level of activity of the catalase was also increased, but this increase was not significant.

According to the findings of this study, forced swallowing significantly reduces the activity of the SOD enzyme by weakening the antioxidant defense system after the induction of H2O2. Therefore, this type of exercise can be used to strengthen the antioxidant system.